Microbial Biotechnology: Basic Research and Applications by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9789811528170
Publisher: Springer Singapore

7.9 Applications of Nanoparticles for Wastewater Treatment

7.9.1 Typical Composition of Wastewaters

Before moving on to the mechanisms and efficacies of nanoparticle-enabled wastewater treatment technology, it is quite logical to know about the chemical diversity of wastewater streams in terms of its composition. Multiple research attempts on wastewater streams from different regions of the globe list six major deleterious components, namely, suspended solids, biodegradable organics, pathogens, nutrients, heavy metals, and soluble inorganic salts (Abdel-Raouf et al. 2012). All these constituents pose a significant risk to the pollution level of wastewaters and could be present either in native form or added at various stages of domestic water discharge. For example, the nutrients carbohydrates, fats, and proteins could be present from the source itself (may be due to excretion products of humans and animals), whereas heavy metals could be added to the wastewater stream if it has access to industries. Similarly, the organic constituents act as existence support towards the environmental microbial species, which continuously grow, propagate, and increase their metabolic activities while residing on it (Lareen et al. 2016). Consequently, the microbial load increases, and with waste material as dietary input, these organisms exhibit toxic responses and are easily the opportunistic carriers of communicable infections (Figs. 7.7 and 7.8).

Fig. 7.7Major polluting constituents in a wastewater stream

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